Change Approval Structure

The Change Approval Structure module provides comprehensive workflow management for critical operations, ensuring proper authorization, segregation of duties, and complete audit trail for all sensitive changes.

Approval Architecture

Approval Structure
├─ Approval Policies
│   ├─ Operation Types
│   ├─ Threshold Rules
│   └─ Escalation Paths
├─ User Roles
│   ├─ Makers (Initiators)
│   ├─ Checkers (Approvers)
│   └─ Administrators
├─ Workflow Engine
│   ├─ Sequential Approval
│   ├─ Parallel Approval
│   └─ Conditional Routing
└─ Audit System
    ├─ Change Logging
    ├─ Approval History
    └─ Rejection Tracking

Maker-Checker Principle

Core Concept

The maker-checker principle ensures that no single user can initiate and complete a sensitive operation:

Role	Responsibility
Maker	Initiates the change request
Checker	Reviews and approves/rejects
Administrator	Configures approval policies

Segregation Rules

• Maker cannot approve own request
• Same user cannot be both maker and checker
• Higher authority required for escalated amounts
• Automatic routing based on operation type

Operations Requiring Approval

Card Operations

Operation	Approval Level
Card Status Change	Single approval
Limit Increase	Amount-based escalation
Card Block/Unblock	Single approval
Product Change	Dual approval
Card Closure	Single approval

Financial Operations

Operation	Approval Level
Manual Adjustment	Amount-based
Fee Waiver	Amount-based
Interest Rediscount	Dual approval
Write-off	Multi-level
Balance Correction	Dual approval

Parameter Changes

Operation	Approval Level
Product Parameter	Dual approval
Fee Configuration	Multi-level
Limit Profile	Dual approval
Interest Rate	Multi-level
System Configuration	Administrator only

Approval Workflow Types

Sequential Approval

Approvals processed in order:

Maker → Checker 1 → Checker 2 → Complete

Parallel Approval

Multiple approvers simultaneously:

         → Checker 1 ─┐
Maker ─→              ├→ Complete
         → Checker 2 ─┘

Conditional Approval

Routing based on criteria:

                    ┌→ Standard Path → Single Approval
Maker → Evaluation ─┤
                    └→ High Value → Multi-Level Approval

Approval Thresholds

Amount-Based Escalation

Threshold	Approval Required
Up to $1,000	Single checker
$1,001 - $10,000	Supervisor
$10,001 - $50,000	Manager
Above $50,000	Director

Risk-Based Routing

Risk Level	Approval Path
Low	Standard workflow
Medium	Additional review
High	Executive approval
Critical	Committee approval

User Roles and Permissions

Role Hierarchy

Role	Permissions
Operator	Initiate requests only
Senior Operator	Approve low-value changes
Supervisor	Approve medium-value changes
Manager	Approve high-value changes
Director	Approve all changes
Administrator	Configure approval policies

Permission Matrix

Action	Operator	Supervisor	Manager	Admin
Create Request	✓	✓	✓	✓
Approve Low Value	✗	✓	✓	✓
Approve High Value	✗	✗	✓	✓
Configure Policies	✗	✗	✗	✓

Approval Queue Management

Queue Features

Feature	Description
My Pending	Items awaiting user's approval
Team Queue	Team's pending approvals
Escalated	Overdue or escalated items
Completed	Historical approved/rejected

Queue Actions

• Approve: Accept the change request
• Reject: Decline with reason
• Return: Send back for modification
• Escalate: Forward to higher authority
• Reassign: Transfer to another approver

Audit Trail

Logged Information

Field	Description
Timestamp	Exact date and time
User ID	Actor identification
Operation	Type of change
Before Value	Original state
After Value	New state
Approval Status	Approved/Rejected/Pending
Comments	User notes

Audit Reports

Report	Purpose
Change History	All changes by period
Approval Activity	Approver performance
Rejection Analysis	Rejected requests review
SLA Compliance	Approval time tracking
User Activity	Individual user actions

Notification System

Approval Notifications

Event	Recipient	Channel
New Request	Approver	Email, System
Approval Complete	Maker	Email, System
Rejection	Maker	Email, System
Escalation	Next Approver	Email, System
SLA Warning	Approver	Email, System

Reminder Configuration

• First reminder: 24 hours pending
• Second reminder: 48 hours pending
• Escalation: 72 hours pending
• Auto-escalation to supervisor

Compliance Features

Regulatory Compliance

• SOX compliance support
• Audit trail retention
• Access control logging
• Separation of duties enforcement

Internal Controls

• Dual control for high-risk operations
• Amount limits by user level
• Time-based restrictions
• Geographic access control